Roberto Salazar: Latin and Ancient Greek
Kris Broholm interviews Roberto Salazar as part of the Learner Profile series. They discuss Roberto's personal experiences and specific methods for learning Latin and Ancient Greek. The episode explores his unique journey and approach to mastering these classical languages.
June 5, 2015 · 53 min
EP 62: Roberto Salazar: Latin and Ancient Greek
0:00 / 52:44
Guest
Roberto Salazar
What You'll Hear
- 1 Podcast Intro, Kris's Budapest Update
- 2 Roberto Salazar's Polyglot Origin Story
- 3 Roberto's Rapid Language Assimilation Techniques
- 4 Getting Language Corrections: When & How
- 5 Roberto's Core Language Learning Philosophy
- 6 Practicing Speaking & Overcoming Shyness
- 7 Strategies for Reading in Target Languages
- 8 Conclusion and Next Steps for Roberto
Links Mentioned
Questions Covered in the Show
How did Roberto Salazar start learning foreign languages?- 5m
How should a language tutor correct a student's mistakes?- 17m
What is the secret to learning languages?- 25m
What effective language learning techniques does Roberto Salazar use?- 27m
How can one learn vocabulary efficiently in a new language?- 33m
How can a beginner start reading in a foreign language?- 40m
Related Episodes
See all →Season 2, episode 12, Roberto Salazar, learner profiles 2. This is the actual fluency podcast, helping you become a better language learner by providing motivating weekly inspiration, as well as top tips and tricks from expert guests. And now, your host, Chris Broholm.
Hello everyone, and welcome back to another episode of the actual fluency podcast. This is Chris Broholm, as per usual. Today, it's a little bit unusual because I'm recording this episode live from Budapest in Hungary. And I always wondered about this recording it live. Well, if it's recorded, is it still live? But anyway, it's uh I'm recording it here from Budapest. And that might be why the audio quality is a little different than what you're used to. It's a little bit roomy here. The apartment is a little uh there's a lot of space to the ceiling. So uh it could be a little echoey, but hopefully not as much.
So, I just want to take a minute before today's episode with Roberto, to just update you on what's been going on. And uh you know, I was coming to Hungary for the Polyglot Workshops with Alex Rawlings and Richard Simcott, and a few other people I was aware would be going. And I have a really great episode lined up for you for next week, which is going to be all about the workshop with I've got live interviews on the spot, with people who participated, but I also talk a little bit with uh Richard and Alex about the general concept and what they hope people uh can get out of it. So, uh look out for that next week.
And the interesting part about my stay here in Budapest is that actually I was meant to take a flight for Berlin after I'd stayed here a week. But as it turned out, I really like this place and yeah, I was really fascinated by Hungarian as well. I've heard it before back in Denmark, and I just really like the sound of it. It's very unusual. It's so unusual that you kind of just want to you want you just want to learn it really. And um so that's why I decided to stay and even missing out on my uh flight to Berlin.
And there are a few more reasons to why I stayed instead of going to Berlin and I I'd love to write about those in an upcoming blog post just so you can get a kind of an idea of what actually I based my decision on, because it's it's sounds when I say it like this, it sounds a little bit like impulsive. Oh, you just stayed. You didn't move on to Berlin. But I'm in Budapest now and I'm trying to find an apartment. And um yeah, I just thought to update everyone as I often get questions to where are you and what are you up to.
So, yeah, I'm in Budapest right now, and I'll of course keep doing the podcast and the blog and everything's going to go just as normal. It's just going to be a little bit more difficult for me, but you know, no complaints. Everything can go out. I'll just If any if everything fails, I'll just go to the Starbucks down uh down the road and I can use their Wi-Fi. So, um yeah, as always, thank you so much for listening. And if you have any questions, comments, feedback, just uh send me an email on chris@actualfluency.com where you can also use the form on actualfluency.com up top. And um yeah, I'd love to hear from you.
And this is the second episode of the Learner Profile series, which is a sort of topic that I always wanted to do specific episodes about, uh but never really had the idea to do it as a sort of theme. And the idea was that I think people particularly the language learning community have incredibly interesting stories, personal stories or sort of experiences learning languages. But they're usually in an episode, there isn't enough time to sort of go into their backstory and their detail because we have to talk about software they've created, methods they've designed, some kind of theme that they are have as a signature story or whatever you can say. So, there hasn't been enough time to sort of talk, take a one step back and go, "Hey, how do you actually learn languages? And what did you do? And how did you get into it?"
So, that's where the Learner Profile series comes into it. It's sort of a basic, down-to-earth inspirational series because the people I interview, you know, they might have learned five, seven, 20 languages. And they're just talking about the experiences they've done along the way. And this information is quite you know, invaluable in a way because you kind of have to if you don't hear it from anyone, you have to make all the experiences yourself. And uh that's actually also the basis of the Polyglot Workshops. It's inspiration and motivation. So, yeah, look out for that next week and for this week, Roberto Salazar and I are going to have a little chat about his learner profile.
But before that, I just wanted to take a quick moment to have a message from our sponsor, the Melo method. Melo method is the learning revolution since 1995. Now, you can make your dream of living your passion for languages real. Do you want a method that really teaches you a language? What if you could have your own school and get success teaching your students perfect lessons, 100% focused on conversation? Even if you have no experience, Melo method will work wherever methods can't. With Melo method, you will overcome the speaking barrier from lesson one. Jimmy Melo, the Brazilian polyglot has created the best method to teach any foreign language. It's now available in 11 languages from English to Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese, including Mandarin and Polish. Be a polyglot with Melo method. Access right now, www.melomethod.com and reach your goals with Melo method, the best method ever created to teach and learn any language.
All right, we're back on another episode of the Actual Fluency Podcast. And today, with me I've got one of my great friends in the polyglot community, Mr. Roberto Salazar. And today we're going to hear about how he gets uh started with language learning and a lot more. So, Roberto, how are you doing?
Hey, I'm great. How are you doing?
Fantastic. I thought you were going to say Saluton for a second.
Oh, no, no, almost, almost. I almost wanted, but but you know, lately it's most, mostly Latin in my head, so.
Fantastic. We're going to get into that in a moment, of course, but it's just our little inside joke because we went to a Esperanto weekend course together and it we did well there I thought. Then half a year later, you know, everything's kind of forgotten and so Saluton was all we could manage.
Oh. Yes, yes, yes. But now every time I said yes, it's actually not an English yes but an Esperanto yes.
Oh, right. Yes, of course. Oh, right.
All right.
Fantastic. So, you know, Roberto, I don't even know how many languages you speak now, but maybe go back to the beginning. How did you get into foreign languages and give us your background.
Sure, so basically, um, I've really started learning languages, um, I've been actually learning for the last five or six years, but, um, I the first language I learned was, um, French and it was when I was a a child for of I don't know, uh, three or four or something. Uh, I was at a French school, actually, in Colombia, where I'm I'm originally from. And I I learned the language because my mom wanted me to be she doesn't speak any other languages, so she wanted absolutely wanted me to to be multilingual. And I guess it didn't backfire, but it it like it was like, um, she wanted for me to have like a a single weapon and now it's like a bomb.
But, but so I started there with French, then I learned English at school as well, a little later. And then I had the choice, um, uh, between Latin and German. And I've always been, uh, like crazy about, um, mythology and ancient Greek and Latin, but I actually chose German because for some reason I just thought, uh, I will learn it eventually, Latin, you know, it's been my purpose my whole life, so I will get to it at some point. So, let's do German. And that's what I did.
And, um, actually what happened was that when I got, um, so I went I I finished high school in Colombia. I got a scholarship, and I went to I came here to France, in Paris where I well live now. And I started learning Latin and Greek, um, in what we call here Eco Prep. So, it's a kind of university, kind of college. And, uh, after that, uh, just I don't know if it was the the fact that I was learning two languages, very hard languages at the same time at a very intensive level, um, but afterwards, I just felt drawn to to new forms of language.
So, when I got when I'm done when I was done with my Eco Prep, I have the opportunity at my school, at my university, I mean, to learn, uh, to have a lot of different, um, courses in like Swedish, Arabic, um, I don't know, uh, Italian, Portuguese, and and and a couple more. And I just went with it. And I I just like I said, okay, I have the opportunity, why not? I've always been like somewhat good at it, so let's try it. And, uh, um, thing is after after four or five years, four five years of doing that, I've just become slowly become a real polyglot in some of some sorts. And I'm I'm really pleased with that, yeah.
So, that's where you are now in Paris and speaking a dozen languages and uh living the polyglot life.
Right. Exactly, exactly. And it was of course, it was like I had a lot of motivation from, uh, the internet community and every time I saw a video by, I don't know, Richard Simcott or Luca, I was like, "Oh, man, I'd really wish I was like that. Uh, I wish I were I really wish I I could speak like like those people, all those many languages that fluent and, um, it would be great to travel to the and go to the countries I am interested in. Uh, I love communicating with people in in different languages."
So, um, yeah, now I'm I'm here after living a year in Berlin, of course, where I I just I met all those wonderful people from, uh, the Polyglot Gathering.
Fantastic.
Among which you. Yeah.
Um, just uh, just one thing. Um, it seems like something is brushing against your microphone.
Oh. Oh.
So, uh, so, uh, if if you just check that, so people don't go crazy back at home thinking.
Yeah, yeah.
What's going on?
No, I don't Yeah, I don't know. It's I think it's Is it Is it gone?
Yeah, there's nothing now. So, I don't know what you were doing before. Maybe you were moving a little bit or something.
Yeah.
It's fine now. It's fine now. It's fine now.
Okay, cool.
Um, yeah, so I I met you at the, um, you were you weren't at the last year's gathering?
I was, but, uh, we didn't meet there.
No, it was at the Esperanto weekend.
Right, exactly.
So, what what made you go to the Esperanto weekend?
Uh, actually, I had become, uh, friends with, um, with, uh, two guys who organized it uh, uh, Yunit and and and Chuck. And, um, they just offered and said, "Why why why why don't you come? Why don't you you join us and learn a little bit of Esperanto. You'll be able to speak to more people, uh, next year at the gathering." And I said, "Well, okay, why not? Let's try it."
And it was really wonderful. Actually, I met a lot of people from the gathering after the gathering, since I was living in Berlin. So, a lot of people stayed a little bit longer. Some people came afterwards, and, uh, Yunit and Chucks were still organizing a couple of events. Like I I had the opportunity of meeting Richard at the at one of the polyglot dinners. And, um, I ended up working for him incidentally.
Cool. Yeah. It's a happy ending, uh.
Yeah, it was cool.
But it must have been also a bit of a fairy tale in a way when you came from, you know, watching the the videos on YouTube, you know, did do you think that the the videos when you were watching them, did you think that it changed something in your mind or did it just boost what was already sort of, uh, burning from earlier?
Oh, yeah. Well, I think it yeah, it works. It was more more like, yeah, it it boosted it boosted my my like my motivation, um, because you you often think, okay, yeah, I'm I'm pretty good with uh German and and English, but, um, but that's that's enough.
And then you see these monstrous, incredible guys who can just switch between 10 or 20 languages and you say, "Wow, wow. I can't do that. And I obviously need to work a little bit more to get to a point where I can just share in in the experience, in the whole experience." And then then you you go from watching the videos to actually having dinner with these people.
And, uh, actually the first time we had dinner together, it was there was, um, well, there were a lot of people. Yunit and Salvadori, and a lot of very interesting guys. But among them were, uh, Richard Simcott and Alexander Argüelles. So, it was like, and it was just between them. So, I I could I could hear I could hear them talking. I listened to the conversations and they switched like in 10 minutes, they switched at least between seven or eight languages. And it was just fascinating and exciting.
Yeah. That gives a motivational boost you want to be.
Right, it's crazy.
It's why you want to be. So, so how and also one thing I want to talk about actually is from the what what I what really stood out to me about that, um, Esperanto weekend was how quickly you adapted it because
Yeah.
You didn't really study it before the weekend, and it wasn't really a sort of a class. There was no real tutoring. It was just like everyone was just thrown in at the deep end.
Right, right.
And we had lots of sort of downtime and it seemed like you were sort of quiet for maybe a few hours from the first day and then you just started talking all the time in Esperanto.
Right.
So, how how did that feel from you because obviously, you must have some kind of a nice ear for assimilation in in language learning or, or
Yeah, I guess I guess that that's it in a way, um, I really need to have like I have developed a a couple of techniques that are not really well, I think they're good techniques, but they're not that developed. So, I've been working on a couple of things and I always like, uh, do a a list of important words and then try to work from that from there. Like, uh, in a very in a very fast way.
Like, I mean, I mean, I I I usually when I for example, use Assimil, I read the first 10 or 12 lessons to just get get the main vocabulary out of it. Then I do like a list and then I practice, uh, creating sentences with those phrases. And at that point, at the Esperanto, um, group, um, everybody was, uh, well, not everybody had a very good level, so they were using very basic sentences all the time.
And I I just went I just listened a little bit and then asked what the words meant and then we had, you know, the this little booklet, uh, of a basic Esperanto. And I tried to work with that, but the thing is, um, since in Esperanto there's a lot of uh, Latin words and a lot of Spanish and French words and the structure is actually very simple. Uh, it was for me like speaking, um, very easy kind of Latin, because you don't have any any declensions. You have very basic conjugation. So, the the words are really easy to memorize because I already know a lot of different Latin words and then you just have to improvise with that.
Right. And you can and the the advantage is that
And you can and the the advantage is that what I what I really lack in everyday conversations with other people from, I don't know, Sweden or, uh, Italy or or, uh, Portugal, I don't know, is, um, that everybody would correct you every time you, uh, said something wrong. So, you'll know you'll have like a repetition all the time and you know you know how to correct your mistakes and you could ask anybody.
Do you think that's a good idea, uh, like if you're let's say, let's translate into a tutoring scenario where you're, let's say I booked an Esperanto tutor online and I had a level where I could sort of speak but had sort of lots of mistakes here and there. Do you think it's it's helpful, beneficial to get corrected on every mistake or should you speak fluently and then afterwards, the tutor can say, "Well, it was good but you had a little bit of problems with this, this and this."
Any questions?
Right. I think it's it's, um, it's a very difficult topic. It's a very difficult question, actually. And it was more or less, uh, there was a very good, uh, reply to that question on, uh, Alex Rawling's blog about, uh, not tutoring but having a tandem. Because it's also what what happens, uh, in tandem, or what Alex said that said was that it was important to that the person who knows the language, well, I mean, the the person who speaks the language you want to learn, it was important for it for them to Sorry. to write down the words or like the mistakes and to tell them, tell you afterwards what you did.
But I think, um, a tutor, since it's a tutoring situation, where situation we're talking about, should know should know what what the important mistakes are and should know when when to point them out. I mean, not every single mistake should be pointed out immediately, but like very strategic, like very repetitive mistakes, you should tell tell people from the start. And, uh, if it if it's a recurring mistake, you should keep on, uh, coming back to it, because if you don't, uh, you will not be able to remember what you're getting wrong. But, uh, but I mean, not all the time.
The the situation like, I mean, this Esperanto group was different because there's, um, there's a very different you have two very different situations. The first one is a one-to-one conversation like tandem or a tutoring where you have very limited, um, information coming to you and and coming from you. But when you're surrounded like that's situation number two, you're surrounded by people and you're in an emergency situation, then, uh, you have lots of information coming to you from all of all from all sides. And you really, um, you really need to to get a hold of of of very important things. I'll sorry, I'm I'm being attacked by my my lungs.
I've had to talk a lot. I've spoken a lot in the last few days. But, um, so you have a lot of information and, um, you can like, uh, get, uh, inside this large group of people. You can get into smaller conversations, into larger conversations, and then you need to have, um, you need to be reactive all the time. So, it's better in that situation, it's it's easier to correct people more often.
Right. I think. When you're in a small one-to-one, maybe.
Yeah.
And it's also I guess about, you know, just the brain, if you get the same correction often enough,
Yeah.
you you'll kind of learn it and and if you don't get it at the time of you making the mistake, it's hard for the brain to sort of go in and fix it retroactively, you know. Yeah. So, the the reason I ask is because I've been doing a lot of Russian tutoring sessions
Yeah.
and there's a lot of mistakes you can make in Russian, uh.
Yeah.
Absolutely. So, um, uh, what I ended up happening was my tutor would correct me on every mistake. And I did this for months and I was like, this is I like this because then I fix a little bit of it at a time. And then I was watching some videos from, I think it might have been Benny or I'm not sure who who it was, but they were saying like, yeah, you should just focus on speaking and the tutor should only really correct you if it's sort of not understandable. And, um, so I was just wondering what your take was was on it, but it seems like you also liked the constant, um, corrections if if you're in a one-to-one situation.
Yeah.
The problem is that you have I mean, it it can be very frustrating to get to be corrected in every sentence because you're like, "Oh, no, I'm I'm really I really suck at it and I, uh, I've I've do I make mistakes all the time." And if you get corrections all the time, you're also feel you're like maybe losing a little bit of of your money there because it's like, I want to learn new stuff, but if I if it keeps correcting me, I will not get to the the things I want to learn. So, I think you have to find like some kind of harmony in that like not too much correcting, but still a fair amount that can allow you to to see that you how much you still have to learn.
Yeah.
And I I would say if people are learning Russian out there or want to learn it, I would just say, expect a lot of corrections and don't let it don't let it don't let it kick you out because there are so many things that, you know, every word you can make a mistake. So, you know, don't don't think that it translates to you being useless in the language. It's simply just the complexity of, you know, I I don't do I can't do the math right now, but if you multiply like five cases with uh three genders with, uh, you know, a lot of different, uh, endings, then you have hundreds and hundreds of scenarios that just take a lot of time to memorize. So, you know, it's it's going to take time. But then again, you know, as long as people understand you, even if you use the wrong case or gender or whatever, then it's usually okay. I would say as a language learner to to uh continue. Uh, but obviously, with Russian specifically, it can be a problem because the case sort of dictates, you know, who does what and.
Right. And you know, every word you can make a mistake. So, you know, don't don't think that it translates to you being useless in the language. It's simply just the complexity of, you know, I I don't do I can't do the math right now, but if you multiply like five cases with uh three genders with, uh, you know, a lot of different, uh, endings, then you have hundreds and hundreds of scenarios that just take a lot of time to memorize. So, you know, it's it's going to take time. But then again, you know, as long as people understand you, even if you use the wrong case or gender or whatever, then it's usually okay. I would say as a language learner to to uh continue. Uh, but obviously, with Russian specifically, it can be a problem because the case sort of dictates, you know, who does what and. Yeah, yeah, yeah.
But I think it the the main thing would be like, um, if you take what Benny said, which is also somehow what Luca says, uh, every time he talks about, um, I don't know what he calls that, but it's you should not focus, you should not focus on on specific words and specific, um, mistakes on specific words, but more but more on that rather on, uh, on the rhythm of a sentence and on being understandable at, um, uh, what do you parenthically know as suppresing at the super segmental level.
So, you really have to to say like you have you have to try and speak as naturally as you can and try to, uh, say aloud long sentences and then, uh, you'll be understood. But if you still you you keep on hesitating on on small words, you'll be corrected all the time because you don't seem, um, really self-assured. And the important thing is just to to not to really not to fake it really, but just to fake it a little bit so that people are convinced that you speak the language a little bit better than you do, but not too too much.
Right. Just speak I think is a good point because if you the the thing is if you sit and think about every word, you can't speak fluently. And even if you don't know the correct way to say a word, just say whatever comes to your mind and just focus on getting words out and start speaking. And then that's the only way you can correct it. If you think, oh no, what's the plural genitive for this word? Yeah, don't worry about it. Just speak what you think it is and then you'll be corrected afterwards because.
Yeah, no, no.
Yeah.
And that's what you actually notice for example, I notice that in Germany when you, um, I had to in Berlin you meet a lot of, uh, foreigners who are learning German and there's sometimes people who speak very fluently and they make a lot of mistakes. And sometimes they're corrected, but but they're so, um, sure of themselves when they use the language that they're only corrected when it's really necessary. But if they make a very, uh, like a normal mistake and use another word like a French or German or Italian sorry, Italian or English word instead of the German version of the word, uh, it's okay. So, you will learn, uh, with with some more time you'll learn how to use the correct word, but, uh, people will not focus on the fact that you need help help with learning the language. And they will just correct you when it's really needed.
Yeah. And then maybe you're not in a language correction scenario anyway.
Exactly, exactly.
Maybe you're just talking on the train and they're like, you know, they're confident, but and you know, I can I can my German is also pretty good, but I know that I make a lot of case mistakes, ending mistakes. Uh, but I still get understood, so it doesn't make sense for me to put up a block in my mind saying, oh no, I'm making mistakes all the time because that'll just slow me down and it will hurt the actual good conversations that I can have. And if people are like, sorry, what did you mean by that, I can just explain what I mean, you know. The German case system is a little stupid anyway. It's not as it's not as brilliant as the Russian one, but.
Sure.
Yeah, Anyway, that's for a different, uh, uh, story, I would say. Um, so, Roberto, what's the secret to learning languages?
Yeah, yeah. Wow, that's a very that's a very tough question. Of course, you know, everybody will say that it's dedication. You really need to have, um, at least some some discipline. You really need to be, uh, you need to go back to your languages often, uh, if possible, every day. And, um, and not, well, you often get frustrated, but the important thing is to keep motivated and to go back to your languages all the time.
Um, you need to live the languages, you know, you need to live them try to use them as much as you can in your everyday life. Like, um, earlier I wouldn't dare, uh, go and, uh, buy my my my shawarma in in Arabic. And now I find myself doing it doing it more often, especially since I went to the gathering because I I had the opportunity of speaking a lot of Arabic, which I never do. And then afterwards, I just went to the shawarmas in Berlin, shawarmas in Berlin and just ordered in in Arabic.
And people often take it very very well. I mean, you say, "Oh, it's good that you're learning Arabic, uh, let me help you." And they're pleased with that with that because it shows how how interested you are in their culture and And so, so I guess it's really a question of motivation, but, uh, you also need to to adapt to a good method that suits you, I mean. A lot of different, uh, tips and tricks can, uh, work for anybody, but you really have to to find a routine that works for you.
Right. And what do you've been finding works great for you? Maybe something that's changed from when you started the first independent language to to now has there been any big changes in that department? Any aha moments?
Yeah. Yeah, well, I think, uh, for example, I I now I try I I try not to follow, uh, like, for example, when I use the Assimil method, I I not I try not to follow the rules perfectly. Like Assimil you should have like a very passive, uh, you you need to do a passive version of the book at first, just try to understand and then just just just afterwards, after less less than 50, uh, get it go to the active part. And I think that for me it's better to just start with active with the active language from the start.
Um, and, uh, now what I do is I really like to I I really like to make a a list of, uh, the main syntactic features of a language. Like, from the start, I don't need I don't want to, um, I I don't think that the best thing is to start with the easiest parts of the language because, uh, in everyday life and in everyday conversations, you you don't really use the simplest parts of language, but rather very complex sentences.
So, sometimes I will go on if I if I tackle, um, a new language, I will just start, um, I would take a grammar, for example, and and go to the, uh, complex sentence part and see how it works. How do you do how do you say, "I want to do something." How do I do I say, "I can do something." So, I often go to what in English you'd call the modal verbs and I learn the modal verbs and then I learn how to link those verbs to another part of a sentence. And, uh, that allows me, uh, to have a better, um, I don't know, like intuitive knowledge of the the way the language works.
Mhm. So, go in and, uh, check out some grammar specifically for for the
Right.
the modal verbs.
Yeah. Or just go to go online and and look like, uh, I don't know, if you're learning German, you go like, well, German's like a a kind of a nightmare. But you go and uh, you know, like subordinate clauses in German, and you try to see how it works. You don't need to learn it. You just need to see how it works and which are the main words like the the the important words in building a subordinate clause.
And if you don't get at first that, uh, you have to the the syntax is works the other the other way around in subordinate clauses. Like in in German you'd say, uh, "Ich bin gekommen, weil ich das äh tun musste." And you put the verb at the end. If you don't get that at first, it's not a big deal. When once you speak to a to a German, uh, they will correct you.
Right. Exactly.
But if you know what the words are and how to build a more complex sentence from the start, you will be able to have more interesting conversations, uh, even the first time you use the language. And not just get stuck with the, "Hi, my name is Roberto. I come from Colombia," which really annoys me. And every time I go to the Polyglot, not the Polyglot Gathering, because that's a different level, but to the Polyglot Club here in Paris or in Berlin, but in Berlin it's not that that horrible. You spend two, three, four hours, five hours, uh, just introducing yourself like 20 times in English, German. And it's annoying.
Yeah.
So, sometimes I'll go and if I if I tackle, uh, a new language, I will just start, um, I would take a grammar, for example, and and go to the, uh, complex sentence part and see how it works. How do you do how do you say, "I want to do something." How do I do I say, "I can do something." So, I often go to what in English you'd call the modal verbs and I learn the modal verbs and then I learn how to link those verbs to another part of a sentence. And, uh, that allows me, uh, to have a better, um, I don't know, like intuitive knowledge of the the way the language works.
Yeah.
Yeah. And then you just sometimes you just have to just just like start on a just begin start talking about a topic that doesn't have anything to do with, uh, introductions like, for example, "Hey, what's your favorite color?" Or "Are you a dog or a cat person?" And those things that often, um, you know, languages are very intimate stuff. So, if you speak about intimate, not too intimate, but just mildly intimate stuff, people will notice first that you care about them. Uh, and then second that you want to speak about something, uh, that really matters. Not not politics, but something that really matters to a person.
Right. That's a cool tip. And what about vocabulary? You know, you you mentioned that you took some words and you put them into a list. How do you actually put that list into your head so to speak?
No, no, I I I know what you mean and that's why, for example, um, uh, Alexander Argüelles, uh, I advise on that on that particular on topic in reading, is, uh, not to read like fluently in a language before you can get like 98% of what you of every page, which is really frustrating. But it's not that much. Yeah.
Yeah, sure. I mean, you you really need, uh, some interaction, even if it's with yourself, you know, you need you need to create a situation where you simulate, um, communication with somebody else.
That's interesting because I think a lot of people, uh, decide to do a sort of a passive way with like say they load up a It could be the same list, they load it up into Anki or Memrise.
Yeah.
Maybe the 250 top words in French or whatever. And, but of course the and I I think that the the SRS, the space repetition, uh, system, I think it does work, but I think what you're describing is more efficient because you're sort of activating different parts of the brain at the same time. And and oh, actually the important thing, uh, and, uh, you know, I'm not really asking you a question here, I'm just uh, supporting you. Your technique. Uh, because the cool thing is that when you're making the sentences based on the first 250 words or whatever, you're not only learning the vocabulary, but you're also building sentences that are sort of ready to use.
Yeah.
Whereas if I just learned bread, police, eat, car, particularly in in in cases of languages, it's horrible, right? But you know, even in languages that don't have that problem like I suppose English. You know, even in that, it's much better for the brain to learn something in context.
Yeah.
That it is to learn something just bread. Like, okay, I learned the word for bread. Now, great. What can I say with it? Uh, I guess I can go into a bakery and say bread and hopefully they'll give me some, but.
Yeah.
But that that was my problem with German at first because I I I knew I had done a lot of, um, like two years of German in high school and then I stopped because I was on a doing my prep and so I had to keep it going and I at that time, I didn't have any good methods and I didn't know anything about language learning and I just I had just learned English at school. Like French was passive for me because I I I was three or four years old so I just assimilated it and uh, that's now it's like my mother language.
And English I I was still young so I could just learn it. But then, uh, with Germany what the problem was that I didn't have any anybody to talk talk to and I just read a lot of literature because I love literature and so I I read a lot of books, a lot of, uh, poems like Goethe and Rilke. And I knew I noticed that I had a lot of vocabulary because my my my my other students in my school, uh, who'd been learning German for eight or 10 years, but that's also because the French education system is very bad for languages. But yeah, everybody knows that.
Um, but uh, so I noticed that I had a lot of vocabulary, but I didn't know how to use it. And and and so it was not until I started with Assimil, which is actually more or less what I do with, uh, the Swedish lists because you the first lessons you have very basic vocabulary, very basic sentences. And then the exercises, they take the same vocabulary and then change the order of complements and and and stuff and they just allow you to build new sentences.
Right.
But, uh, I noticed that after doing that, it was much better. So, I now every time I learn a word, I try to have some context of some kind. Uh, be it with, uh, Google Translate or with a like you know, in in France we have, um, uh, a collection of books called uh, the Moé, so word and idea. And it's a list of words, but then at the end of every page you have, uh, sentences built with almost every word in the list on the list. So, it's really useful, yeah.
That's that's really cool. Yeah. That's really cool. And I think it's a great idea for for learning vocabulary and I'm also excited to from my next project it's French. I'm also excited to learn via the Assimil, uh, and.
Absolutely.
And also to to take some of this into practice because I really think that interactivity really makes a a difference because I didn't do that much with Russian, but I can and it took me a long time to get to speaking like you with German. So.
Right, right.
What do you think about what's your what's your take on, uh, when you have to start speaking? How do you prepare for Do you get tutoring early or do you just kind of go to a tandem partner or do you go to the Polyglot Club? What's How do you start practicing the language?
Yeah. No, no.
Yeah, so so, um, for most of the languages I've learned, uh, I I've had the chance of having, um, like lessons in my university because we have a lot of it's a very open, um, uh, school, so to speak. And you can if you have, uh, like five or six people interested in one language, you can get a get a course open.
Oh, wow.
So, um, so I've had the chance of having for almost every language, uh, a native speaker as a teacher, uh, with whom I can speak most of the time, you know, you can like, uh, just raise your hand and talk about the topic you're you're interested in or, uh, ask, uh, him to repeat the pronunciation, et cetera. And I don't I I haven't had that many, um, tutoring, uh, opportunities because I've had these these courses.
And but well, for for example, with, um, with Arabic, the problem is that, uh, I've studied, um, like modern standard Arabic for the last I've been studying for the last four or five years. But, uh, the lessons since it's not really a spoken language but mostly uh read something that you read or you listen to on on TV and radio, you don't really have any actually opportunities with, um, uh, to speak it.
Right.
And so I I never I never use it. And I lose it because of that. So, um, for those languages, uh, I think the thing would be the the one of the only solutions you have is to go to polyglot meetings, to meet people who want to speak the language with you.
Um, and, um, and the Polyglot Club is something that, of course, it's not that good because there's a lot of people in Paris, especially, who just want to speak French or English. Like tourists want to speak French and French people want to speak English. But, uh, the first thing because I usually, uh, like three or four years ago, I was very shy and I didn't want to speak. I knew I was good in languages and and etcetera, but I I didn't want to use the languages because I was too shy.
And after going to two or three or four sessions, since you're really there to speak and you don't have to go through the first like weird, uh, stage of going to a to a person you don't know and telling them, "Hey, hi. Do you want to speak with me? You want to talk to me for for a couple of minutes?" Um, so you you you really are able to break that barrier, you know, that, um, shyness barrier. And it helps a lot. And the first thing is when you when you see somebody that who in a normal situation, who speaks the language you want to learn, just surprise them and talk to them in the language. And it will it will it will help you every every time.
Right. And it gets better and better the more languages you learn, I guess.
Right, right. Absolutely. And people are pleased just to to see that, um, I don't know. Like, the last time at the when I when I went back from I came back from Berlin, uh, we landed in Paris at the same time as a group of, um, tourists from Stockholm. And, uh, most of them were really confused and they didn't understand how this the metro system worked. So, I just said like, "Oh, do I dare? Do I dare?" And I just went for it and and explained to them like the metro system in Swedish and they were really surprised and they told me like, "But why Why on earth would you learn Swedish? It's such a small language. Nobody cares about that."
Right.
And, uh, but they were happy, you know, they were pleased that somebody would would take interest in in a in a culture that is like small in comparison to English or French or German, I don't know. And, um, so they were always pleased to speak the language with you.
That's that reminds me of a funny story when we were trying to get tickets at in Berlin. We were going out for the evening and we wanted to get a train ticket for the, uh, S-train, the S-Bahn. And there was a group of tourists, uh, sort of standing around the ticket machine and they were sort of middle-aged, uh, and they looked they looked definitely non-German and I I didn't really hear what they were I I couldn't hear the language. I couldn't really hear. It was very noisy in the train station. And, uh, we'd been waiting for some time and I at some point, I just said, "Roberto, can you please go and help them because you the you probably speak the language." Because I know you speak so many languages that chances are you were going to help them. And it turned out they were from Greece. And, uh, of course, you you speak some Greek and you were able to sort of help them out.
Right.
Yeah. And uh, of course, you you speak some Greek and you were able to sort of help them out.
Yeah, absolutely. That was very fun. But then then I I think they they, uh, they thought because I think my my accent is pretty good because it's, uh, you know, the the phonetics of of Greek are very close to that of the that of Spanish. And, uh, so my accent is is good. My language skills are okay, but they're not like I'm not like perfectly fluent in in Greek. So, I first I first I help them like one time and then they came back and they kept they kept talking to me on on in Greek. It was just at a at a level where I could just pick up some words. And I was still able to help them but I was like, "No, come on. No, I didn't want it to I didn't want to give you the wrong impression. I'm not from Greece. I'm not that good. Please please slow down."
Right. But it was it was it was just great and it shows you the sort of what's possible with languages and particularly if you live in a city like Berlin or Paris, you know, there's tons of people from different cultures and just the fact that you were just jump in there and, you know, understand them and speak the language. It was just a it was just really a funny situation. It happens every year, I can guarantee you.
Yeah, yeah.
Yeah. And I felt great afterwards. Like, "Oh, yeah. I was able to just help some Greek tourists in Berlin. I'm so happy. Yeah. And you live in Paris."
In Berlin. I'm so happy. Yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah, but the thing is, you know, you know, living in Paris, uh, can be, uh, really tough for language learner because it's really good. There's a lot of foreigners. There's a lot of people coming here all the time. But there's so many tourists that sometimes you just are too exhausted to to speak to speak with them. It's a Berlin is a very nice city because everybody's so open and, uh, there's not a lot of people in the streets. So, you don't get oppressed by the presence of of thousands and thousands of people every day. So, you really are very pleased when you can meet some foreigners. Here in Paris, it's like, "Oh, okay, again, no more tourists. Come on. Stop. Stop."
Right. I can see that there.
Yeah.
Um, another thing, uh, sorry.
Yeah.
Go ahead.
No, no, no, I just I was just to go on a on ranting about Paris. I've I've I've always wanted to say that.
I I I think we that that's, uh, we might, uh, do that for another episode called Against Paris.
Yeah.
No, it's a great it's a great city. Everybody everybody speaks French, you know.
This is a nice city, isn't it? Everybody everybody speaks French, you know.
A lot of tourists, but everybody tends to a lot of French people as well, right?
A lot of tourists, but everybody tends to a lot of French people as well.
A lot of French people as well, right?
A lot of French people as well. Oh, they're nice. But we like to take the mickey out of the French, don't we? So.
Oh, they're nice. But we like to take the mickey out of the French, don't we? So.
Right, right. Absolutely. But, um, well, what I wanted to ask you about here in the closing notes is, um, you mentioned you love reading. I just wanted to ask you what what are you think about the sort of the importance of reading in your target language and how do you attack that when you don't know enough to really, uh, when you don't really understand much? How do you actually read early and how do you actually learn how to read because you can't just build on you can't just learn like the best 2,000 words or something.
Yeah.
No, of course, of course, of course. So, how do you go about it?
No, of course, of course, of course. Well, there's a couple of different techniques. You can you can start with very easy texts. You can like either you can start with with uh with comic comic books which are just you can understand the story, but you have very few words uh per, you know, per image. And so it helps you a lot because you can get uh like the meaning from the context from the drawn context. And then try to improvise with what you're reading.
Uh then there's also children's books, very easy children's books, where which are actually made for people who are not still necessarily able to to to read. So, it can help a lot. And then, well, you have also the, um, bilingual editions where you can when you have like a very basic but still still still pretty good level in like a, I don't know, Russian, you can read, um, the translation and then try to go back to the Russian text and understand, um, the the some words and the grammar from the translation, which is basically a very advanced form of Assimil or teach yourself. Because what you do is exactly the same. You go you read the Russian text, you try to understand it. If you can't understand it, you go back to the translation, then go back and move back and forth from text to translation and it helps you in some way.
And then, um, another thing is if you're reading a language that's close to yours, it changes everything. Because, for example, if I I I I have pretty good skills in Portuguese and Italian, but my passive reading skills are much higher especially because I know Latin. So, I can I can understand I can get a lot from reading which uh I'd obviously not understand as well if I if I watch the movie or listen to a text to the to the red version of the to the to a version of the text that somebody would read to me. And, um, so with close languages close to yours, the best thing is just not to stop and and keep going and just, um, focus on the words you really don't understand that you really can't get from the context. Because in a in a language like especially for the Romance for the Romance languages, you can get a lot just from reading and a lot from the context and a lot from, uh, the other words that are I mean like the the thematic context and also the, um, linguistic context.
Right. So, if you pick up a word that you don't understand, do you just add it to a list or do you look it up? Uh what do you what do you use it in an example sentence? How do you when you discover a word that you don't know but you think you should know? Yeah. How do you what do you do to it?
Right. So, if you pick up a word that you don't understand, do you just add it to a list or do you look it up? Uh what do you what do you use it in an example sentence? How do you when you discover a word that you don't know but you think you should know? Yeah. So, there's a couple of things you can do. The first one is if you're not like I am I am a very touchy person when it comes to books and, um, uh, paper. So, I hate writing on my on my books. I hate just even with a pen with a pencil I can't.
But, uh, when I buy like very cheap Swedish, um, uh, like criminal books and detective stories then I'm not that like in Berlin I bought a lot of Swedish novels for €1, so it's it's fine. I don't care. Uh, so I take my pen and I I just underline the main words I I don't understand and then I I look them up afterwards. But it's it's really hard because you really need to go back to the text you've already read and go back through it and, uh, and, uh, look the words up and you don't need to build new sentences because if you write down the sentence you already have in the text, you already have context. So, it's it's pretty easy from that from that, uh, point.
Right. But it is a lot of work though. It is a lot of work and a lot of people get myself I know I get demoralized from having to, uh, do too much sort of nitty-gritty work when I'm just trying to essentially just read a story, right?
It is a lot of work. It is a lot of work. Yeah. No, I I I know what you mean and that that's why, for example, um, uh, Alexander Argüelles, uh, I advise on that on that particular on topic in reading, is, uh, not to read like fluently in a language before you can get like 98% of what you of every page, which is really frustrating. But it's not that much. Yeah.
Yeah, sure. It's a really high level, so.
It's a really high level.
If you're not at that level, and, uh, I mean it just seems weird because how are you going to get to that level if you don't read?
Yeah. I mean, what what's important is you should if you want to read, you just have to buy materials that are adapted to your level. Like, uh, easy stories or ask a native speaker which books he thinks you can but that's tricky. But you can still ask if, uh, what what books do you think are easy to read? For example, uh, it's tricky because in German you could say like, "Oh, yeah, like, um, um, children's books like the Grim the Brother Grim, uh, stories should be very easy, but they're actually very complex, very literary, uh, uh, and intricate stories. So, it's not that that that easy.
But, uh, you you find like children's books or comic books or even this bilingual stories. If you you're just too frustrated to go on, you just keep on reading on the the French or the the English version and then you go back for a while. That's what I do because I also get frustrated. Um, and, uh, like Argüelles, 98% um, is a lot, but it's like in a normal book, it would be like not understanding like six or seven words, which is still a lot. But, um, it's less than when you say 98, you're just it's all you feel like it's you don't you have to understand almost every word, but you still have a little bit of, um, it's easier than than you think.
But the other thing is that when you read a lot, uh, you it's like when you listen to a lot of, uh, of radio, but reading is very good because you're fully concentrated in a text. You, um, learn a lot of vocabulary without noticing it because of the context because a writer would use would often use the same words because of his his own style. Uh, he would have, uh, he will appreciate a kind of, uh, structure or expression that will come back often in his texts. So, you will so you will get, um, to at an unconscious level, you will learn a lot.
But you still have to get to a pretty good level before you can start reading literature. And that's my problem because I mostly what I say, always say is like, yeah, my main purpose when learning a language is to be able to read the great literature that every language possesses. But then, uh, when once I get to a level where I can read the very good literature every language possesses, I am drawn to another language. So, it starts over and it's extremely frustrating.
Of course, the virtues of a polyglot.
Yeah.
But, uh, I think the also the thing about reading is it's a bit of a grind when you think about it. Like when you open a book and you're still not high level in the language, you can you have to look up some words, you have to do some things, but the the important point is just to consider that it helps a lot. And if you can sort of push yourself to do it, it'll it really does help. And if your goal is to read, then I would suggest reading earlier before 98%. Uh, because I've I've heard lots of people benefit greatly from doing sort of the read, underline, and then look up words they don't understand. It's a lot of work, it's very meticulous, but it it also pays dividends, but you have to be made of a special character to just be able to muscle through that. But, um.
Yeah, sure. Yeah, sure.
Anyway, uh, you know, Roberto, I I I could just keep talking, uh, but we've we've uh, we've reached the end of the show for today. And just want to thank you, uh, so much for coming on and sharing your stories and your tips and uh, I'm looking forward to, uh, hearing more about, um, you know, how you what's next and then maybe the next gathering or maybe there's an Esperanto course.
Yeah, sure. No, no.
Yeah.
Why not?
Or maybe you will join I'm I'm trying to prepare like a a spoken Latin course at some.
No, no, I just I was just to go on a on ranting about Paris. I've I've I've always wanted to say that.
Oh my God. Yeah. In Berlin. Well, you, uh, you wanted to come back to the podcast and talk about Latin, right? So.
Oh my God.
Sure. Everyone's going to hear about that very soon.
Yeah, in Berlin. Well, you, uh, you wanted to come back to the podcast and talk about Latin, right? So.
Cool.
Cool. It'll be wonderful.
All right. Talk to you soon.
Talk to you soon, man. Bye.
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